思路与算法

令前缀收入为S_i，每条区间记录转成S_y-S_(x-1)=w的双向差值约束。各连通分量任选一个势值0，通过图遍历赋值并检查所有已赋值端点的差是否一致。

正确性说明

原区间等式与前缀势差等式等价。沿生成树赋出的势满足树边；若全部其余边也一致，则给出一组所有约束的解，再令A_i=S_i-S_(i-1)可构造账本。若任何边矛盾，环上差值和不为0，因此不存在解。

复杂度

每组O((n+m)D)时间、O((n+m)D)空间，D为收入与前缀差位数；含图、访问和势数组初始化。

易错点

true代表存在账本而非已证明真实历史收入；负数合法，不同连通分量可各自选择常数。无位数上限的收入按精确十进制数处理。

参考代码（C++11）

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
struct cpp_int {
    string s;
    bool neg;
    cpp_int(long long v = 0) : s(to_string(v)), neg(v < 0) {
        if (neg)
            s.erase(s.begin());
    }
    void norm() {
        auto p = s.find_first_not_of('0');
        s = p == string::npos ? "0" : s.substr(p);
        if (s == "0")
            neg = false;
    }
    static int cmpabs(const cpp_int &a, const cpp_int &b) {
        if (a.s.size() != b.s.size())
            return a.s.size() < b.s.size() ? -1 : 1;
        return a.s == b.s ? 0 : a.s < b.s ? -1 : 1;
    }
    friend bool operator<(const cpp_int &a, const cpp_int &b) {
        if (a.neg != b.neg)
            return a.neg;
        int c = cmpabs(a, b);
        return a.neg ? c > 0 : c < 0;
    }
    friend bool operator==(const cpp_int &a, const cpp_int &b) {
        return a.neg == b.neg && a.s == b.s;
    }
    friend bool operator!=(const cpp_int &a, const cpp_int &b) {
        return !(a == b);
    }
    friend bool operator>(const cpp_int &a, const cpp_int &b) {
        return b < a;
    }
    friend bool operator<=(const cpp_int &a, const cpp_int &b) {
        return !(b < a);
    }
    friend bool operator>=(const cpp_int &a, const cpp_int &b) {
        return !(a < b);
    }
    cpp_int operator-() const {
        cpp_int r = *this;
        if (r.s != "0")
            r.neg = !r.neg;
        return r;
    }
    friend cpp_int operator+(const cpp_int &a, const cpp_int &b) {
        cpp_int r;
        r.s.clear();
        int carry = 0;
        if (a.neg == b.neg) {
            int i = (int)a.s.size() - 1, j = (int)b.s.size() - 1;
            while (i >= 0 || j >= 0 || carry) {
                int v = carry + (i >= 0 ? a.s[i--] - '0' : 0) + (j >= 0 ? b.s[j--] - '0' : 0);
                r.s += char('0' + v % 10);
                carry = v / 10;
            }
            r.neg = a.neg;
        } else {
            const cpp_int *x = &a, *y = &b;
            if (cmpabs(a, b) < 0)
                swap(x, y);
            int i = (int)x->s.size() - 1, j = (int)y->s.size() - 1;
            while (i >= 0) {
                int v = x->s[i--] - '0' - carry - (j >= 0 ? y->s[j--] - '0' : 0);
                carry = v < 0;
                if (carry)
                    v += 10;
                r.s += char('0' + v);
            }
            r.neg = x->neg;
        }
        reverse(r.s.begin(), r.s.end());
        r.norm();
        return r;
    }
    friend cpp_int operator-(const cpp_int &a, const cpp_int &b) {
        return a + (-b);
    }
    friend cpp_int operator*(const cpp_int &a, int b) {
        cpp_int r;
        r.s.clear();
        long long carry = 0;
        long long z = b;
        if (z < 0)
            z = -z;
        for (int i = (int)a.s.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            carry += (a.s[i] - '0') * z;
            r.s += char('0' + carry % 10);
            carry /= 10;
        }
        while (carry) {
            r.s += char('0' + carry % 10);
            carry /= 10;
        }
        reverse(r.s.begin(), r.s.end());
        r.neg = a.neg ^ (b < 0);
        r.norm();
        return r;
    }
    friend cpp_int operator/(const cpp_int &a, int b) {
        cpp_int r;
        r.s.clear();
        long long rem = 0, z = b;
        if (z < 0)
            z = -z;
        for (char c : a.s) {
            rem = rem * 10 + c - '0';
            r.s += char('0' + rem / z);
            rem %= z;
        }
        r.neg = a.neg ^ (b < 0);
        r.norm();
        return r;
    }
    cpp_int &operator+=(const cpp_int &b) {
        *this = *this + b;
        return *this;
    }
    cpp_int &operator-=(const cpp_int &b) {
        *this = *this - b;
        return *this;
    }
    cpp_int &operator*=(int b) {
        *this = *this * b;
        return *this;
    }
    friend istream &operator>>(istream &in, cpp_int &a) {
        string v;
        if (in >> v) {
            a.neg = v[0] == '-';
            if (v[0] == '-' || v[0] == '+')
                v.erase(v.begin());
            a.s = v;
            a.norm();
        }
        return in;
    }
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const cpp_int &a) {
        if (a.neg)
            out << '-';
        return out << a.s;
    }
};

struct DS {
    vector<int> p, s;
    DS(int n) : p(n), s(n, 1) {
        iota(p.begin(), p.end(), 0);
    }
    int find(int u) {
        while (p[u] != u) {
            p[u] = p[p[u]];
            u = p[u];
        }
        return u;
    }
    bool join(int a, int b) {
        a = find(a);
        b = find(b);
        if (a == b)
            return false;
        if (s[a] > s[b])
            swap(a, b);
        p[a] = b;
        s[b] += s[a];
        return true;
    }
};

int main() {
    int T;
    cin >> T;
    while (T--) {
        int n, m;
        cin >> n >> m;
        vector<vector<pair<int, cpp_int>>> g(n + 1);
        while (m--) {
            int x, y;
            cpp_int w;
            cin >> x >> y >> w;
            g[x - 1].push_back({y, w});
            g[y].push_back({x - 1, -w});
        }
        vector<int> vis(n + 1);
        vector<cpp_int> d(n + 1);
        bool ok = true;
        for (int s = 0; s <= n; s++)
            if (!vis[s]) {
                vis[s] = 1;
                vector<int> q(1, s);
                for (int i = 0; i < (int)q.size(); i++) {
                    int u = q[i];
                    for (auto e : g[u]) {
                        if (!vis[e.first]) {
                            vis[e.first] = 1;
                            d[e.first] = d[u] + e.second;
                            q.push_back(e.first);
                        } else if (d[e.first] != d[u] + e.second)
                            ok = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        cout << (ok ? "true" : "false") << "\n";
    }
}